Frequency Spectrum

Frequency Spectrum

• A frequency spectrum is a scientific method of plotting and classifying electromagnetic waves as they occur in space and in the everyday environment. 
• Actually calculating the frequency of various transmissions can be a complex science and usually involves intensive formulas and measuring equipment.

Parameters	2G	3G	4G
Image
Data Throughput	<14.4kbps	Up to 3.1Mbps with an average speed range between 0.5 to 1.5 Mbps	Practically speaking, 2 to 12 Mbps but max. range of 100 to 300 Mbps.
Peak Upload Rate	250kbps	5 Mbps	500 Mbps
Switching Technique	Circuit switching	Packet switching	Packet switching, message switching
Network Architecture	GSM	Wide Area Cell Based	Integration of wireless LAN and Wide area.
Services And Applications	TDMA/CDMA	CDMA 2000, UMTS, EDGE etc	Wimax2 and LTE-Advance
Frequency Band	0.8 - 1.9MHz	1.8 – 2.5 GHz	2 – 8 GHz
Bandwidth	220kbps	384 kbps	Up to 20 Mbps
Year of development	1991	1998 (non-commercial); 2001(commercial)	2009
Primary Devices	mobiles	Mobiles and tablets that comply to 3G standards	Mobiles and tablets and Pc's
Security	Less secure	More secure as it uses permit validation measures	secure
Cost	Low license, network construction and maintenance costs	Higher license, network construction and maintenance costs	Much higher license, network construction and maintenance costs